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from the schematic in Figure 5 is that the Solar One plant was designed with a direct steam generation concept, meaning that there was no molten salt involved. The receiver tower generated the steam which was then used in the turbine. It did have minimal thermal storage by way of heating thermal oil with excess steam which was used in the power generation cycle at times of intermittent cloud cover. The thermal storage system was only in operation until 1986 when it was damaged by a fire caused by water leaking into the hot oil tank (Kolb, 1991). Regardless, a great deal was learned from the operation of Solar One and when it was decommissioned in 1988, there were plans to convert Solar One into Solar Two. The conversion involved shifting some of the northern heliostats to the south, addition of 1,500 m2 of heliostats, thermal salt energy storage and fossil fuel hybridization to heat the thermal salts. There would be 853,000 kg (1.88 million lbs.) of nitrate salt, 60% sodium nitrate and 40% potassium nitrate by weight (Reilly, 2001). This salt had a cold storage temperature of 550°F (288°C) and a hot storage temperature of 1022°F (550°C). The Solar Two project was decommissioned after approximately 10 years of operation in 1999 and converted into a Cherenkov Telescope in 2001 to measure gamma rays. (DeLaquil, 1991). Planta Solar 10 (PS10) was the first commercial solar power tower. It was built near Seville, Spain and utilized the power tower technology developed by Abengoa Solar. PS10 is composed of 624 heliostats, each with an area of 120 m2 (1,292 ft2), which focuses the sun’s energy at the top of a 115 m (377 ft) tower and produces 11 MWe. The focused energy heats water to 250°C (482°F) at 40 bar (580 psi). This hot water is stored in tanks and when needed at the turbine, the pressure is reduced slightly to flash the water to steam. Figure 6 is a schematic of the PS10 power tower plant (Solucar, 2006). 12PDF Image | WORKING FLUID SELECTION FOR AN INCREASED EFFICIENCY HYBRIDIZED GEOTHERMAL-SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT IN NEWCASTLE, UTAH
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