WORKING FLUID SELECTION FOR AN INCREASED EFFICIENCY HYBRIDIZED GEOTHERMAL-SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT IN NEWCASTLE, UTAH

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WORKING FLUID SELECTION FOR AN INCREASED EFFICIENCY HYBRIDIZED GEOTHERMAL-SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT IN NEWCASTLE, UTAH ( working-fluid-selection-for-an-increased-efficiency-hybridiz )

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With all that has been learned from Solar One and Solar Two, new ideas were implemented into the next generation of power towers. One such facility is currently under construction in Ivanpah, CA where a set of three power tower plants will be built with a total gross capacity of 392 MWe. This will be produced from 214,000 heliostats with a total area of 2,295,960 m2 (24.7 million ft2). This project was originally scaled for 440 MWe but was reduced to afford preservation of the desert tortoise’s habitat (BrightSource, 2011). 2.1.2 Stirling Dish The solar Stirling dish is based on the workings of a Stirling engine with concentrated solar energy as the heat source. There are various configurations for this engine; the alpha type will be described here. The alpha type Stirling engine is composed of two pistons and cylinders that are set 90 degrees from each other and both have shafts connecting to a flywheel (Figure 8). One of the cylinders is designated as the hot piston and the other is the cold cylinder. The sun’s energy is concentrated by a reflective dish that is similar in appearance to a satellite dish. This reflected energy serves as the fuel source for the hot cylinder which drives the engine. The hot and cold cylinders are connected so that a gas, or working fluid, can pass from one to the other and back again without leaking to the atmosphere. Where all of the gas is cool there is a minimum volume, since a cold gas has a smaller volume than a warm gas, and all of the working fluid enters the hot cylinder as seen in Figure 8a. The fuel source, in this case the sun, heats the working fluid and it expands and transfers back to the cold cylinder driving the fly wheel, Figure 8b. The cold cylinder is constructed to promote heat transfer to the 14

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