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30 () (8) Ẇp is the work rate of the pump required by the system, ṁwf is the mass flow rate of the working fluid, h3 is the enthalpy of the working fluid in the saturated liquid phase and h4 is the enthalpy of the working fluid in the liquid phase at high pressure. Similar to the turbine, the pump also has an isentropic efficiency ηp. If there is no heat loss and the work is reversible, the isentropic efficiency would be 100% and the pump work equation would be given by Equation 9. () (9) Equation 9 is similar to Equation 8 with the exception of the added isentropic pump efficiency term and using h4s rather than h4, h4s has the same entropy as that of h3. By assuming the isentropic efficiency, the thermodynamic state and total work of the pump can be calculated. After the fluid is pumped back up to high pressure, it must be preheated and evaporated before being sent back to the turbine. This preheating and evaporation can be done by a variety of heat sources including geothermal brines and solar heat transfer fluids. The pressure to which the fluid should be pumped will depend on the temperature of the heat source. The total amount of heat energy required can be described by Equation 10. () (10)PDF Image | WORKING FLUID SELECTION FOR AN INCREASED EFFICIENCY HYBRIDIZED GEOTHERMAL-SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT IN NEWCASTLE, UTAH
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