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4.2 Preliminary Solar Testing and Measurements There are three different types of solar irradiance; Global Horizontal, Diffuse Horizontal and Direct Normal. Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) is the measure of the amount of irradiance that strikes a surface that is kept horizontal to the ground. Included in the GHI is the Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance (DHI) which is the irradiance that has been scattered by either clouds or particles in the atmosphere that reaches a surface that is horizontal to the ground. Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) is the amount of irradiance that strikes a surface that is kept normal to the sun. Figure 18 illustrates each type of irradiance. Notice that in Figure 18a there are two solar angles: the solar altitude angle and the zenith angle. The altitude angle is a measure of how many degrees the sun is positioned in the sky above the horizon and the zenith angle is a measure of how far the sun is down from a vector normal to the surface of the Earth. A pyranometer is used to measure both GHI and DHI; however, with the DHI measurement is made by a pyrheliometer and a sun tracking device. Since the most expensive piece of equipment in measuring all of the types of solar irradiance is the sun tracking device used in the measurement of the DNI, it (a) (b) (c) Figure 18 - Depiction of GHI (a), DHI (b) and DNI (c). 42PDF Image | WORKING FLUID SELECTION FOR AN INCREASED EFFICIENCY HYBRIDIZED GEOTHERMAL-SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT IN NEWCASTLE, UTAH
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