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434 Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications Fig. 2. Thermodynamic cycle of a typical dry fluid 4.2 Equations developed for total thermal efficiency of the collector system The FPC or CPC collector module available in the market has an effective area of approximately 2.0 m2 . Its thermal efficiency can be expressed by the following equation: η=η −A(T−T)−B(T−T)2 (7) 0GaGa Solar thermal electric generation system may demand tens or hundreds of collectors in series, and the temperature differences between neighboring collectors will be small. Thus, it is reasonable to assume the following: 1) the average operating temperature of the collector changes continuously from one module to anther module; and 2) the function of the simulated area of the collector system is integrable. With inlet temperature Ti and outlet temperature To, the required solar collection area is obtained by the following [12]: S=∫ dT (8) Ti To mC (T) p η(T)G Temperature of conduction oil in the CPC changes within a small range. This is discussed further in Section 5.2. Heat capacity can be well approximated by the following [16]: Cp(T)=Cp,0 +α(T−T0) (9) In the case of FPCs, organic fluid is preheated in low temperature ranges and the first-order approximation of heat capacity can be used as well. www.intechopen.comPDF Image | Working Fluid Selection for Low Temperature Solar Thermal Power Generation with Two-stage Collectors and Heat Storage Units
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