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440 Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications the heat collection efficiency of two-stage collectors varying with the proportion of FPC area to the total collector area y for each of the working fluids. The environment temperature is 20°C and irradiation is 750 W / m2 . The mass flow rates of the fluids are the same as those presented in table 4. The total collector area for each fluid is 690 m2 and keeps constant when FPC proportion varies. The overall collector efficiency climbs when the FPC area increases in the lower proportion range. However, it drops with further increment of FPC area in the higher proportion range. There exists an optimal FPC proportion yopt , at which the overall collector efficiency reaches the maximum for each fluid. The optimal FPC proportion alters when the working fluid is different. 0.510 0.505 0.500 0.495 0.490 0.485 0.480 0.475 0.470 Fig. 3. Heat collection efficiency of two-stage collectors varying with the proportion of FPC area to the total collector area Table 5 reveals the optimal FPC proportion and the maximum heat collection efficiency variation with working fluids and irradiation. Mass flow rate of each fluid through Pump 1 is equal to that through Pump 2. Thus, the dryness of the working fluids at the evaporator outlet should be 0.5 under normal condition without heat storage or heat release. On the use of Pump 2, superheating is avoidable even if irradiation is strong. Electricity is generated in a wide range of irradiation, and heat transfer between conduction oil and organic fluid is strengthened. For each fluid, the optimal FPC proportion becomes larger when irradiation is weaker. The decrement of yopt for R123, R113, R245fa, pentane or butane is about 4.2%, 5.5%, 3.9%, 3.1% or 3.0% respectively when irradiation changes from 850 W / m2 to 650 W / m2 . Among the five fluids, R245fa exhibits the highest heat collection efficiency accompanied 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 flat plate collector proportion /% to the total heat absorbed by fluid in the ORC process (h − h ) /(h − h ) for R245fa is the l 2′ 4 2′ with the largest FPC proportion. The ratio of heat required in the sub-cooled heating process highest as shown in table 3. It seems that the preheating concept of FPC is especially suitable for fluids that have a large heat proportion in the sub-cooled heating process. www.intechopen.com R123 R113 R245fa pentane butane overall collector efficiencyPDF Image | Working Fluid Selection for Low Temperature Solar Thermal Power Generation with Two-stage Collectors and Heat Storage Units
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