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Working Fluid Selection for Low Temperature Solar Thermal Power Generation with Two-stage Collectors and Heat Storage Units 441 butane 23.2 0.309 48.18 21.7 0.479 50.04 20.2 0.658 51.41 On condition of irradiation of 750 W / m2 , the maximum heat collection efficiency for R123, R113, R245fa, pentane or butane is about 49.23%, 49.18%, 50.12%, 48.56% or 50.04% respectively. And the relative increment of heat collection efficiency is 5.94%, 6.80%, 6.60%, 4.73% or 6.45% respectively as compared with that of single-stage collectors (table 4). 6. Conclusion Heat transfer irreversibility between conduction oil and organic fluids will be large if single- stage collectors are adopted. The low temperature solar thermal electric generation with two-stage collectors and heat storage units gives a flexible system which can react to different operation conditions. Besides, this kind of system displays superior heat collection efficiency as well as cost-effectiveness. The regenerator can significantly warm working fluids and complement the heat supplied from outside. On the condition of evaporation temperature 120°C, environment temperature 20°C and irradiation 750 W / m2 , the ORC efficiency for R123, R113, R245fa, pentane or butane is 0.154, 0.161, 0.148, 0.160 or 0.147 respectively. Although R113 and pentane have the best ORC performance the highest collector efficiency is obtained on the use of R245fa and butane. And the heat collection efficiency is 49.23%, 49.18%, 50.12%, 48.56% or 50.04% respectively. The proportion of FPC area to the total collector area plays an important role in both the overall heat collection efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the two-stage collectors. And the optimal FPC proportion for R123, R113, R245fa, pentane or butane is 18.9%, 18.8%, 24%, 17.6% or 21.7% respectively. In consideration of frictional resistance of conduction oil as discussed in Section 4.4, the global electricity would be about 7.49%, 7.83%, 7.31%, 7.68%, 7.25% respectively. 7. Acknowledgments This study was supported by the National Science Foundation of China [Project Numbers: 50974150, 50978241 and 50708105] and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) [Project Number: 2007AA05Z444]. Irradiation W /m2 650 750 opt.y% max.xf,o R123 22.1 0.347 47.37 18.9 0.494 49.23 17.9 0.649 50.70 R113 23.2 0.326 47.30 18.8 0.459 49.18 17.7 0.604 50.56 Organic fluid R245fa 25.6 0.320 pentane 19.5 0.334 46.45 17.6 0.473 48.56 16.4 0.623 50.13 max.η % c 48.33 24.0 0.493 50.12 21.7 0.672 51.51 opt.y% max.xf,o max.η % c opt.y% max.xf,o max.η % c 850 Table 5. Performance analysis of working fluids on the two-stage collectors www.intechopen.comPDF Image | Working Fluid Selection for Low Temperature Solar Thermal Power Generation with Two-stage Collectors and Heat Storage Units
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