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ARTICLE IN PRESS R.Z. Wang, R.G. Oliveira / Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 32 (2006) 424–458 427 Fig. 2. Scheme of the solar-powered adsorption icemaker: (1) adsorbent bed; (2) glass cover; (3) damper; (4) insulation; (5) pressure gauge; (6) temperature gauges; (7) valves; (8) evaporator; (9) condenser; (10) refrigerant reservoir; (11) ice box [62]. Based on the previous prototype, Li et al. [63] tested a simpler solar-powered icemaker without valves, as shown in Fig. 3. The authors decided to produce the adsorber from stainless steel, instead of cooper or aluminium alloys. This has been done because, according to experiments done by Hu [64], at temperatures higher than 1101C, methanol in presence of Al or Cu decomposes into dimethyl- ether, reducing the efficiency of the system with the time. The adsorber was placed inside an insulated case, covered by two transparent plastic fibre sheets. This kind of plastic fibre is more suitable for covering the adsorber than glass because its permeability to solar radiation is higher. To ensure better heat transfer between the front of the solar collector and the adsorbent, several fins (also made of stainless steel), were placed inside the adsorber. The distance between these fins was approximately 0.1m and the thickness of the adsorbent layer was 0.04m. According to the authors, these dimensions were based on previous experimental results and optimi- zation studies. Experiments with this prototype were performed both under indoor (insolation simulated with quartz lamp) and outdoor conditions. Under indoor conditions, with an insolation from 17 to 20 MJ m2, ice production was between 6.0 and 7.0 kg m2 and the COP between 0.13 and 0.15. In outdoor conditions (insolation from 16 to 18 MJ m2), the system could produce 4.0 kg of ice per m2 with a COP of about 0.12. Based on the results with this prototype, two new prototypes were developed, in which the adsorber wall thickness was reduced. These prototypes could produce between 4.0 and 5.0 kg of ice per m2, with a COP from about 0.12 to 0.14, when the solar radiation was between 18 and 22 MJ m2. The cost of such a machine was estimated to be no more than US$ 250 per m2 of solar panel.PDF Image | Adsorption refrigeration
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