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ARTICLE IN PRESS 432 R.Z. Wang, R.G. Oliveira / Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 32 (2006) 424–458 Fig. 10. Scheme of the adsorption air conditioner [52]. 50 and 70 1C. The prototype studied produced cold water at 10 1C and had a cooling power of 3.2 kW with a COP of 0.36, when the heating source and sink had a temperature of 55 and 30 1C, respectively. Flat plate collectors could easily produce hot water to regenerate the adsorbent of the chiller at this level of temperature. An adsorption air conditioning system was developed by Wang et al. [52] to be powered by heat sources with temperatures close to 1001C. Evacuated tube collectors could be used to supply hot water at this level of temperature. The system (scheme shown in Fig. 10) had two adsorbers with 26kg of carbon inside each, using methanol as a refrigerant. The COP and the SCP of this system were significantly influenced by the cycle time. The operation of the system with a cycle time of 30min produced a COP of 0.15 and a cooling power of 3.84 kW while operation with a cycle time of 60min produced a COP of 0.21 and cooling power of 3.03 kW. In both situations, the evapora- tion temperature was close to 6 1C. To improve the performance of the system, the authors changed the adsorbers to a tube and plate heat exchanger, keeping the same charge of carbon. In this new adsorber, the carbon was placed outside the tubes, between the plates. With this design, COP was 0.4 and cooling power was 3.80 kW. The experimental conditions in this case were: a heat source tempera- ture of 100 1C, an evaporation temperature of 10 1C, a condensing temperature of 24 1C and a cycle time of 50 min. Liu et al. [76], developed an adsorption chiller with the working pair silica gel–water that had no refrigerant valves. This feature reduced the cost of the chiller, and made it more reliable, as there were fewer moving parts, which could allow air infiltra- tion. The sorption bed of such a chiller could be regenerated by hot water of between 75 and 90 1C. The whole chiller contained 52.8kg of silica gel divided between two adsorbent beds, which oper- ated out of phase and thus, produced constant cooling. Experiments with the first prototype showed that a cooling power of 3.56kW and a COP of 0.26 could be obtained when the mass and heat recovery processes were employed under the follow operation conditions: evaporation tempera- ture of 7 1C, heat sink temperature of 28 1C, and heat source temperature of 85 1C. A scheme of this chiller integrated into a solar water heater is shown in Fig. 11. To enhance the performance of the chiller, the research team developed a new prototype shown in Fig. 12, with some improvements. The new proto- type had less non-continuous and movable pieces toPDF Image | Adsorption refrigeration
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