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ARTICLE IN PRESS 440 R.Z. Wang, R.G. Oliveira / Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 32 (2006) 424–458 Fig. 21. The adsorption icemaker during ice production. density of the consolidated compound was higher than that of the CaCl2 (360 and 207 kg m3, respectively). CaCl2 has low packing density because a high expansion space must be used inside the adsorber, as the CaCl2 8NH3 has a molar volume 4 times higher than that of the dry salt. Thus, for an application where a reduced volume is more im- portant than a reduced mass, the consolidated compound is preferable. These authors estimated that for a 60 min cycle, the utilization of consolidated composite compound and CaCl2 would lead to a cooling power of about 20.3 and 14.8 kW, respectively, if they were placed in an adsorber with 0.29 m3 of useful volume. This volume was chosen to allow a comparison with the system developed by Wang et al. [86], and which had a cooling power of 2.0 kW. The same group from the previous work has achieved more progress recently with heat-powered adsorption icemakers. The new research shows that split heat pipes can be successfully used in adsorp- tion systems to heat and cool the adsorbers. This arrangement avoids the direct contact between the adsorber and the exhaust gas or the seawater. Furthermore, a significant increase of the COP and the SCP was noticed in the new system. In the experiments performed by Lu et al. [73] with a split heat pipe adsorption icemaker, the generation temperature was set between 110 and 1151C, the adsorption temperature was 16–30 1C, and the evaporation temperature was around 20 1C. Un- der the mentioned conditions, the COP ranged from 0.26 to 0.43 and the SCP from 528 to 866 W kg1. Both COP and SCP decreased with the increase of the adsorption temperature. 5. Exhaust gas-driven adsorption air conditioners Air conditioning on vehicles could be another reasonable application for adsorption systems powered by exhaust gases. The vehicles more suitable for this kind of air conditioner are busesPDF Image | Adsorption refrigeration
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