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ARTICLE IN PRESS 442 R.Z. Wang, R.G. Oliveira / Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 32 (2006) 424–458 Fig. 24. Scheme of the air conditioner module [92]. adsorbent bed at the end of the adsorption phase was close to 901C, which greatly reduced the cooling performance. The authors remarked that the velocity of the locomotive and the rotating speed of the engine have significant influence on the cooling and heating power, respectively, of the air conditioner. This system is feasible and practical to be applied in a locomotive except when it pulls passenger cars, because in this condition, the train runs slowly and stops at every railway station. The cost of such a system is expected to be about US$5000. Tamainot-Telto and Critoph [92] studied a modular adsorption air conditioner, which was powered by hot air. The authors tested three different module configurations. The module that presented the best performance had 125mm fins around the evaporator/condenser and around the adsorber, as shown in Fig. 24. The results of the experiments with this module showed that under typical conditions (generation temperature of 100 1C, condensing temperature of 30 1C and evaporation temperature of 15 1C), the cooling power was about 100 W, the SCP was 600 W kg1, and the COP was 0.20 without any heat regenerative process, or estimated to be 0.5 with a two bed regenerative cycle. 6. Commercially produced adsorption chillers and adsorption systems in CCHPs Adsorption refrigerators appeared on the market in 1986 and they were produced by the Nishiyodo Kuchouki, Co. Ltd. The silica gel–water adsorption chillers produced by this company are sold in the American market by the HIJC USA Inc. This company estimated the payback of this chiller to about 2–3 years [93]. The chiller can be driven by hot water from 50 to 90 1C, and the temperature of chilled water is close to 3 1C. The COP can reach 0.7 when the chiller is powered by hot water at 90 1C. Another company producing silica gel–water adsorption chillers is Mycom in Japan [94]. The chillers from this company can be powered by hot water at 75 1C and yield chilled water at 9 1C with a reported COP of 0.6. The cooling capacity of these chillers ranges from 20 to 100 RT. An adsorption chiller patented by Xia et al. [83] is currently working in the Shanghai Research In- stitute of Building Science as part of a solar- powered air conditioner, and it is also used at a grain depot in Jiangsu Province, China, for cooling grain during hot summers. This adsorption chiller has been commercially produced on a small scale, and there are eight units in operation with a rated cooling power of 10 kW. The manufacturer (Jiangsu Shuangliang Air Conditioner Equipments Co.) agreed to collaborate with the research team of the authors to extend the series to 5, 20, 50, 100 and 200 kW units. A scheme and a photo of this chiller are shown in Fig. 25. Small power adsorption chillers (10–200 kW) can be suitable for combined cooling, heating and power systems (CCHP) as demonstrated by a real application in the Malteser Hospital St. Johannes, in Germany, and by an experimental investigation performed by the research group of the authors, in the Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU). The distributed energy utilization systems, like CCHP and CHP ones, with extensive employment of natural gas, seem to be the main direction of the Chinese policy for energy exploitation. Such sys-PDF Image | Adsorption refrigeration
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