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ARTICLE IN PRESS R.Z. Wang, R.G. Oliveira / Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 32 (2006) 424–458 445 Fig. 27. Scheme of the sorption refrigerator: (1) adsorbers; (2) sorption beds; (3) condenser; (4) porous evaporators; (5) condensers of the spaghetti heat pipes; (6) parabolic solar concentrator; (7) refrigerator box; (8) spaghetti heat pipes; (9) cylindrical condensers; (10) electrical valves; (11) flexible pipes for liquid flow; (12) electric heater; (13) pipe for vapour flow; (14) vapour channel; (15) pressure gauge; (16) boiler—evaporator. Circuits: (A) heat sink; (B) heat source (liquid); (C) heat source (vapour); (D) NH3 [103]. keep the temperature inside the 80L refrigerator cabinet between 1 and 3 1C. Besides the application of gravity heat pipes in adsorption chillers powered by low temperature heat sources, recent research in the SJTU also used heat pipes in the development of adsorption ice makers for fishing boats [106,107]. The utilization of this technology increased the heat transfer inside the adsorber and allowed direct use of exhaust gases as heat source and seawater as heat sink without produce corrosion in the adsorber. In a recent work performed at this University, a split heat pipe adsorption icemaker, which em- ployed compound adsorbent of CaCl2 and activated carbon in the proportion 4:1, was designed and constructed. This system, which is presented in Fig. 28, contains two adsorbers, each one with 1.88kg of CaCl2, and can reach an evaporation temperature of 42 1C. At evaporation tempera- tures of 35, 25 and 15 1C, the cooling powers were 0.9, 1.2 and 1.4kW, respectively, with a COP of 0.41 for the latter condition. The heat transfer coefficients, for the heating and the cooling phases obtained with this heat pipe, were similar and around 156 W m2 K1. This system was tested by Lu et al. [73] with an electric heater that simulated the solar powered and the exhaust gas heating conditions, as mentioned in Sections 2 and 4. The silica gel–water chiller patented by Xia et al. [83] used a heat pipe structure on the evaporator not only to provide high heat transfer flux but also to increase the reliability of the system with reduction in the manufacturing costs. The evapora- tors utilized in the chiller are combined together by a heat-pipe heat exchanger (HPHE), as shown in Fig. 29. The design of the evaporator simplifies the construction of the system, as it substitute the two water evaporator/condenser found in other chillers,PDF Image | Adsorption refrigeration
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