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at T7 of 1350 – 1450F would be required. According to UTRC analyses of materials capabilities, such high T7 levels required the use of advanced materials that greatly increased the recuperator price. An assessment of recuperator material capability (for a 32,000-hour life) and the relative recuperator cost is shown in Table 1.2.2. 8:1 OPR Recuperated 45.1% GTE with ORC Bottoming Cycle 43.7% 42.1% 40.4% 38.4% Net system electrical efficiency Recuperator Entrance 1500 1450 1400 1350 1300 Temperature, T7 1250 (F) 1200 1150 1100 1050 1000 Figure 1.2.5 Table 1.2.2 1800 1900 2000 Turbine Entrance Temperature, T4 (F) T4 – T7 relationship for the AMS cycle Recuperator material/cost trades 2100 2200 2300 2400 Max gas temperature (F) 1180 1250 1300 1350 Material Type 347 stainless steel Advanced austenitic ss. Inconel 625 Haynes 230 Relative Cost 1.0 1.4 3.5 5.5 The relative payback period of AMS system is an alternative economic metric to COE; payback also combines first price, efficiency, and maintenance price. The net effect on system payback for using these various materials in a primary surface recuperator (PSR) is shown in Figure 1.2.6. The left-hand bar represented the DTE ENT4000 – a nominal 30% electrical efficiency system. The next four bars show the payback period for three higher-temperature cycles that required higher-capability recuperator materials. As seen, the improved efficiency of a highest temperature system is offset by the higher recuperator cost. The advanced austenitic stainless steel recuperator used in conjunction with a ceramic turbine produces the most attractive economics. The advantages offered by the ceramic turbine are higher T4 capability with slighter lower cost and a reduced turbine cooling air relative to a metallic turbine. However for the affordable AMS system, it is not possible to take full advantage of the higher ceramic turbine capability 18PDF Image | ADVANCED MICROTURBINE SYSTEMS Final Report for Tasks 1 Through 4 and Task 6
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