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The mixing performance of the entire multi-point injection premixer depends on the mixing performance of individual premixers or swirlers as well as the consistency among all the premixers within each fuel circuit. Multiple steps were taken to ensure the performance of the multi-point injection premixer. First, each cast swirler was air flowed to determine its effective flow area or ACd. Based on the variation of the ACd measured, the swirlers were grouped for the three fuel zones. For each fuel zone, ACd values of the swirlers are within 2 percent of each other. Second, the fuel injection holes of each swirler were optimized for mixing. The mixing performance of the individual swirler was measured by PLIF tests. Finally, the optimized fuel holes were implemented consistently into each swirler. Superior mixing performance of the entire nozzle was achieved. Figure 2.2.6 shows the mixing results at 2.5 percent air pressure drop and different fuel air ratio (F/A). The best ratio of the standard deviation to the mean fuel/air is 0.050, which represented excellent mixing performance. Figure 2.2.6 PLIF imaging for the axial swirler nozzle 2.2.3 Combustor Performance Modeling All components in the microturbine combustor system (swirler, premixer, and liner) contributed to achieving stable, low-emissions operation. The flow through and near these components was analyzed to predict combustor performance using CFD, and chemical kinetics networks. Typically, gas turbine carbon monoxide (CO) emission is satisfactory at 100-percent power level. The modeling effort, therefore, focused on part power CO emissions. Investigation of CO emissions at the combustor exit for the 70-percent power condition was completed. The Eddy Mixing and Reaction (EMR) model was used to simulate CO emissions for staged fuel injection in combustors for microturbines in which the fuel injector consists of multiple small injector elements mounted on a nozzle. These injector elements consist of eight-vane swirlers in which fuel and air mix prior to entering the combustor; fuel injection from both the nozzle centerbody (i.e., ID injection) and nozzle body (i.e., OD injection) were considered. A nozzle with this injector element 52PDF Image | ADVANCED MICROTURBINE SYSTEMS Final Report for Tasks 1 Through 4 and Task 6
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