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Section 5.0 Conclusions, Program Leverage, and Recommendations 5.1 Conclusions A viable approach to achieve an Advanced Microturbine System with a 40% electrical efficiency and very low emissions is to integrate a high performing microturbine and an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system. • The microturbine should have an electrical efficiency greater than 32% and produce single-digit emissions of NOx and CO @ 15% O2. • The ORC should convert the microturbine exhaust energy into electrical power at an efficiency greater than 12%. Since the ORC produces power without any additional fuel consumption or combustion process, the ORC power is produced with zero NOx and CO emissions. • The components and the integration hardware should not reject more than 6% of the fuel energy as parasitic loss. Ceramic materials can be designed to meet realistic microturbine performance and life targets. • A long life microturbine ceramic turbine can be designed by proper consideration and analyses of ceramic failure modes without compromising turbine performance. • Complex ceramic components can be manufactured and EBC coated. • Ceramic SiC Hexoloy can be used for combustor liners to reduce the need for cooling airflow. The avoided airflow can be used in the combustor to alter its stoichiometry or to cool other engine components. The former may yield combustor conditions favorable to lower pollutant production; any reduction of liner cooling air will reduce CO production because of wall quenching. A statically and dynamically stable natural-gas-fired microturbine combustor can be designed to achieve ultra-low emissions over a wide turndown range. • Experimental techniques and analytical tools are available to evaluate the premixer performance, the consequence of this performance on CO emissions, and the likelihood of encountering acoustic instabilities. A high performing, affordable Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system can be achieved through the use of components produced by HVAC suppliers. • ORC systems are similar to those used for air conditioning. The use of HVAC components in the ORC leverages their low cost arising from the high volume manufacturing. • ORC performance can be tailored to an application by the selection of: the means to accept energy (i.e. hot air or liquid), means to reject energy (i.e. air-cooled or water-cooled condensing), or the match of the working fluid to the temperature environment (i.e. selection of alternative refrigerants in an ORC). These options are consistent with alternative HVAC components and fluids. 96PDF Image | ADVANCED MICROTURBINE SYSTEMS Final Report for Tasks 1 Through 4 and Task 6
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