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Presented at the 28th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics & Composites, Cocoa Beach, FL, January 25-29, 2004 CERAMIC COMBUSTOR DESIGN FOR ST5+ MICROTURBINE ENGINE Jun Shi, Venkata Vedula, Ellen Sun, David Bombara, John Holowczak, William Tredway, Alex Chen, Catalin Fotache United Technologies Research Center 411 Silver Lane, East Hartford, CT 06108 ABSTRACT Ceramic combustor liners require no film cooling on the hot-side and minimal backside cooling, due to their high temperature capability. The hotter combustor walls lead to minimal “wall quenching” and better carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation because less cooling is applied. A ceramic combustor can was designed for the ST5+ microturbine engine to improve the engine performance and emissions. The can was designed with special attention to attachment methods that minimize thermal stresses due to the large difference in thermal expansion coefficients between metallic and ceramic materials. Detailed thermal and stress analyses were performed to guide design decisions that lead to optimal component reliability and manufacturability. This paper gives a detailed account of the design and analysis associated with the ceramic combustor can. INTRODUCTION World population growth and the rise in living standards have increased the demand for electricity substantially over the last two decades. The increased demand for electric power has put on a strain over the electricity grids, most of which are dated and over-stretched for their capacity. This is best exemplified by recent massive blackout in North America highlighted the vulnerability of the current electric grid system for reliable distribution of electric power 1. The blackout on August 14, 2003, affected 50 million people in eight U.S. states and eastern Canada. Billed as the worst blackout in America’s history, it cost at least $6 billion in economic and other losses. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) had foreseen the potential problems with antiquated power distribution systems and initiated an Advanced Microturbine Systems program2. Under this program, electric generators driven by high efficiency microturbine engines are developed to provide electric power local to power demands, thereby relieving the reliance on electricity grids that are already congested and are costly to maintain and upgrade. United Technologies Research Center and Pratt and Whitney recognized the market potential for microturbine engines for distributed power generation and were awarded a DOE contract to develop a high thermal efficiency (>40%) and low installed cost (<$500/kW) ST5+ microturbine with a power output of 400kW. A key improvement to the advanced microturbine is application of structural ceramics to hot gas path components: combustor, first stage turbine vanes, integrally bladed rotor (IBR), and turbine tip shroud. Together, these ceramic components account for 3% increase in engine thermal efficiency. A picture of the ST5+ microturbine with its major components is shown in Figure 1. Engine specifications and design of turbine components have been published previously3. This paper describes the design and analysis of the ceramic combustor can. Combustors in gas turbine engines are subjected to severe thermal loading generated by the combustion process. The current metal combustor can in gas turbines are either film cooled or impingement cooled (more 112PDF Image | ADVANCED MICROTURBINE SYSTEMS Final Report for Tasks 1 Through 4 and Task 6
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