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recent engines) to maintain structural integrity under severe thermal loading. In both cases, the cooled combustor wall leads to local quenching of CO burnout, thereby resulting in high CO emissions. In addition, active film cooling of the combustor wall introduces flow losses (pressure loss) that reduce the thermal efficiency of the engine. These effects become more pronounced in a lean premixed combustor system that operates at a lower temperature and has very limited air available for liner cooling. By using high temperature ceramic materials, CO wall quenching due to film or impingement cooling, as well as associated flow losses can be eliminated4. Since a ceramic combustor wall operates at a higher temperature than a metal combustor wall, it helps to stabilize combustion process, especially at part-load conditions for lean premixed combustion, which is prone to combustion instability and flameout. Recuperator Compressor Combustor Turbine Figure 1: ST5+ Microturbine MATERIAL SELECTION In the current program, six ceramic materials were considered for the microturbine combustor, four monolithic ceramics; silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si3N4), siliconized silicon carbide (SiSiC), alumina (Al2O3), and two ceramic matrix composites (CMCs)-Oxide/Oxide and SiC/SiC. Although CMC combustors have been successfully demonstrated for industrial gas turbine engines5,6,7,8, their cost were found to be prohibitive for the cost sensitive microturbine. In addition, the small size and low stress expected in the microturbine combustor warranted monolithic ceramics as past engine experience has illustrated9,10,11. As a result, CMCs were not pursued for the ST5+ microturbine combustor. Alumina was not pursued due to low thermal shock resistance. ATTACHMENT DESIGN AND ANALYSIS The ST5+ microturbine engine has a single silo type combustor (see Figure 1). The current metal combustor in the baseline configuration is coated with thermal barrier coating (TBC) and is impingement cooled to withstand the high temperature and corrosive combustion environment. The silo combustor is connected to a combustor transition duct (CTD) that turns a vertical combustion gas flow into horizontal flow that goes into the turbine. Such a turning leads to high thermal loading on the CTD and since ST5+ engine is recuperated, there is concern that there may be insufficient cooling for the CTD. A use of ceramic combustor is advantageous since the combustor would need less cooling air (compared to a metal one) and if required, more cooling could be diverted to the CTD to ensure its mechanical integrity. 113PDF Image | ADVANCED MICROTURBINE SYSTEMS Final Report for Tasks 1 Through 4 and Task 6
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