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As a result of evaporation of some of the water, it is necessary to replenish whatever amount of water is lost. Generally, evaporation loss accounts for approximately 1% of the amount of water in circulation. In addition, about .2% is also lost due to droplets being entrained into the air (drift), as well as to regular draining. Blow-down, the process of removing or bleeding a portion of water from the main water circulating line to maintain an acceptable level of dissolved solids or minerals, typically equates to about a .3% loss. The total loss attributed to all of these conditions, approximately 1.5-2% of flow, determines the amount of make-up water that has to be added, which is usually done by automatically maintaining a predetermined level in the cooling tower sump or basin via a float valve. To aid in properly maintaining water quality and cleanliness, as well as to prevent corrosion or fouling of the condenser, a water treatment system should be provided on each installation. This can be either a manual or automatic system that controls the chemical and biological properties of the water to prevent corrosion, algae and fouling. The tower manufacturer can recommend additional equipment or maintenance procedures accordingly. Fouling can result if a chemical treatment system is not installed or if blow-down is not performed regularly in the cooling water system. Without proper treatment to the cooling system, fouling of the condenser can occur quickly. Temperature control of the water is a critical element in the design and selection of a cooling tower for a PureCycle system, since it influences power output. Providing colder water is beneficial, as it allows the condenser to operate more efficiently. However, the return cooling water temperature to the condenser should be maintained above a minimum limit of 50oF. Water temperature is typically controlled by either cycling the fan(s), utilizing variable-speed or two-speed fan motors or by incorporating a tower bypass valve into the system design. Location of the cooling tower will vary according to local site design and other considerations. In general, the location of the cooling tower should allow for unrestricted airflow and to prevent recirculation, consideration for fogging or drift and what other equipment or objects might be wetted in the event of strong winds, consideration of the increase in sound level to the surrounding area, and the weight of the tower if installed on a roof. Close proximity to the condenser should also be considered to avoid long pipe runs and increased pumping costs. If installed in areas where the ambient temperature can go below 32°F, attention should be paid to providing an auxiliary sump located inside a heated space to preclude freezing of the water. Alternatively, a heated sump could also be used. Insulation of the cooling water piping should also be considered in cold climates. The manufacturer of the cooling tower can provide more details on the design and installation of the tower relative to the specific job-site requirements. Multi-unit Installation A multi-unit installation will consist of multiple blocks of one to five PureCycle systems in a parallel configuration. Each system will be able to operate independently. However, starting more than one system at a time is not recommended. To limit start up current draw and electrical demand charges, the site control should be set up to stagger-start multiple units and provide feedback so that peak currents do not overlap. Motoring time and requirements for stagger start are described in the Electrical Requirements section of this document. A grid connection is required to start and/or operate. Each system is able to start automatically without direct control. The power plant allows for direct control from a site control computer. Safety features in the control permit one or more to shut down by remote command or automatically. Loss of grid connection for load will produce an automatic shut down of all the systems. Loss of cooling water will produce an automatic shutdown of all the systems simultaneously. APPLICATION GUIDELINES Revision B – 09/23/2009 – Page 20 HTE66510PDF Image | Application Guide Hot Liquid to Electricity 280 kW Power
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