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Bright Future for Geothermal Energy

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Bright Future for Geothermal Energy ( bright-future-geothermal-energy )

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EGV NIE GoE NRS ECG TI Y ET NR EC SE o E UX RP Cl EA S I N E D cal power generation may lie in the ability to enhance, or even create, subsurface frac- direct Use Direct use applications for low- to mod- Gathering lines to and from the power plant, both to sup­ ply the plant with steam and hot water, and return water back to the injection wells that keep the system charged. more expensive than traditional furnaces, the difference in cost can be recovered in 4 to 6 years from the energy savings. Like all geothermal systems, use must be carefully managed. In the 1980’s, pro- duction of the Boise system was doubled resulting in a 25% decline in water levels. A mathematical model of the aquifer showed that water reinjection would be beneficial and a 1,000 m deep injection well was drilled to recharge the system. As a result, water levels are rising and temperatures are now being sustained. The list of direct users and uses of geo- thermal heat is growing dramatically - and for good reasons. For example, the city of Reykjavik, Iceland has the world’s largest district heating system. Once very polluted, Reykjavik has become one of the cleanest Resource Base Any discussion of the geothermal resource base can be overwhelming by the sheer magnitude of its potential. In fact, the resource numbers are so large they are difficult to comprehend. For instance, just in the United States, magmatic geo- thermal systems to a depth of 10 km in the crust have nearly 200 times the energy equivalent of the known U.S. oil reserves and crustal heat down to 10 km has 2,500 times that amount of energy. Worldwide figures are equally impressive, but what represents reality? ture networks.” Research into the formation of enhanced geothermal is just beginning. Projects in the U.S., Europe, and Australia have dem- onstrated that it is possible to create per- meable fracture networks around injec- tion wells through hydrofracturing and then drilling into these fracture systems to produce hot water. A 2006 MIT study, “The Future of Geothermal Energy” claims erate-temperature (35 to 150°C) water has grown considerably since early man’s use of hot springs for basic needs. At Boise, Idaho, hot water has been used to heat buildings since 1892 and two of the origi- nal wells are still operating. The system is the largest in the U.S. and now serves over 360 buildings in downtown Boise with a cost savings over natural gas of about 30%. Although the cost of drilling wells, install- that once this technology is developed, enhanced geothermal systems could pro- duce 10 to 20% of the United State’s elec- tricity. The Idaho State Capitol building, one of over 360 buildings heated by geothermal water in Boise, Idaho, is the only state capitol building so heated in the U.S. ingaheatexchanger,andpipingisinitially 44 GEOExProOctober2007 © Tom Smith t

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