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NUCLEAR ENERGY RESEARCH INITIATIVE Development of a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle: Improving VHTR Efficiency and Testing Material Compatibility PI: Collaborators: Project Start Date: Projected End Date: Chang H. Oh, Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Thomas Lillo, William Windes, Terry Totemeier, Bradley Ward, Richard Moore, Robert Barner September 2002 Project Number: 02-190 December 2005 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Generation IV reactors will need to be intrinsically safe, having a proliferation-resistant fuel cycle and several advantages relative to existing light water reactor (LWR). They, however, must still overcome certain technical issues and the cost barrier before it can be built in the U.S. The establishment of a nuclear power cost goal of 3.3 cents/kWh is desirable in order to compete with fossil combined-cycle, gas turbine power generation. This goal requires approximately a 30 percent reduction in power cost for state- of-the-art nuclear plants. It has been demonstrated that this large cost differential can be overcome only by technology improvements that lead to a combination of better efficiency and more compatible reactor materials. The objectives of this research are (1) to develop a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle in the secondary power conversion side that can be applied to the Very-High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (VHTR), (2) to improve the plant net efficiency by using the carbon dioxide Brayton cycle, and (3) to test material compatibility at high temperatures and pressures. The reduced volumetric flow rate of carbon dioxide due to higher density compared to helium will reduce compression work, which eventually increase plant net efficiency. Research Objectives The project has two major objectives: The first objective is to develop a supercritical carbon dioxide (S- CO2) Brayton cycle and to improve the VHTR plant efficiency by using supercritical CO2. The target of the improved cycle efficiency is close to a 50% that includes the hydrogen plant coupled to the VHTR and power conversion unit through the intermediate heat transfer loop. The second objective is to test material compatibility. The current VHTR reference design has a recommended core outlet temperature of 9000C, based on a 600-megawatt thermal. Because of the high temperature in the reactor and an intermediate heat exchanger, a material compatibility could be a technical concern. In order to resolve this concern, we need to investigate the material compatibility by high-temperature exposure to supercritical carbon dioxide. In this study, we propose to characterize the creep deformation of Inconel MA 754, 758, and Inconel 617 over a range of temperatures of 850 to 1050°C and stresses within the power law creep regime. We also propose to investigate the interaction of MA 754, 758, and Inconel 617 in supercritical CO2 using thermogravimetric analysis combined with surface analysis to examine the iiiPDF Image | Development Of A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle
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