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Assumed values of turbine polytropic efficiency (92.8%), compressor polytropic efficiency (90.5%), recuperator effectiveness (95 %), and inlet compressor temperature (28 C) were used along with same conditions of other parameters in both the V-B and HYSYS models. The V-B model gives lower net cycle efficiencies than those of HYSYS except at the maximum efficiency point. The one difference between the HYSYS and V-B models lies in the uses of different helium property database. The V-B model uses the NIST database while HYSYS uses an equation of state to define the helium properties. Then in order to check the accuracy of HYSYS simulation using CO2, a CO2 pressure-enthalpy diagram was used. The results calculated by HYSYS agree very well with those calculated using the CO2 pressure- enthalpy diagram. A parametric investigation was made with supercritical CO2 cycle using a 250 MW three-shaft reference design. Three different CO2 secondary system pressures of 6.3 MPa, 13 MPa, and 20 MPa, give cycle efficiency of 48%, 49.3%, and 50.3%, respectively, which are not significantly different from each other. Working fluids of helium for both direct and indirect cycle, nitrogen for indirect cycle, and CO2 for indirect cycle were investigated. The difference between the helium direct cycle and the indirect cycle was 50.9% vs. 48.7% respectively. Nitrogen gave a cycle efficiency of 45.5% while CO2 gave a cycle efficiency of 50.7%. Total area ratio (total heat transfer area of working fluid / total heat transfer area of helium indirect cycle) gives, 0.65 for helium direct cycle, unity for helium indirect cycle, 1.32 for nitrogen indirect cycle, and 1.18 for CO2 indirect cycle at 20 MPa. Conclusions from the investigation are (1) among the three working fluids studied, CO2 has the highest cycle efficiency due to less compression. CO2 cycle also results in the smallest turbomachinery, and (2) helium direct cycle eliminates the IHX and consequently requires the smallest heat transfer area due to the higher heat capacity and thermal conductivity than those of the other fluids considered. Theoretically a combination of reheat and intercooling increases the cycle efficiency in a closed loop. Preliminary multiple reheat with a number of intercooling were investigated using a molten salt (Flibe) in the primary side and helium in the power conversion loop. This configuration yields a 56% cycle efficiency. Further investigation using Flibe-CO2 is being considered. The power conversion unit coupled with the hydrogen plant through an intermediate heat transfer loop is very important in VHTR. Therefore, we performed this extra task and included results in this report. The schematic of the combined cycle we investigated is depicted in Figure ES-3. 3 12 6 S1 7 8a S2 S3 4 8b 5b 5c HTLHX To H2 Process 9 5a mixer S4 IHX Figure ES-3. Schematic of the combined cycle. vii ReactorPDF Image | Development Of A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle
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