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2000 1600 1200 800 400 400 800 1200 1600 2000 Reported enthalpy (kJ/kg) 0.8 MPa 3.6 MPa 8.3 MPa 12.4 MPa 20.7 MPa Y =X Figure 2-6. A comparison of calculated and reported specific enthalpies. The fluid densities calculated by ATHENA were in excellent agreement with the values reported by Perry, as shown in Figure 2-5. On average, the densities calculated by ATHENA were within 1.0% of the values reported by Perry. The standard deviation, which was based on 51 data points, was 1.3%. The largest deviation was 4.2% and occurred at the highest pressure. The difference between densities at 20.7 MPa, which was consistent as a function of temperature, was caused by differences between the NIST database and Perry. As expected, the results calculated by ATHENA were consistent with stand-alone calculations using the NIST database. The specific enthalpies calculated by ATHENA were in excellent agreement with the values reported by Perry. On average, the enthalpies calculated by the code were within 0.4% of the values reported by Perry. The standard deviation was 0.5%. The largest deviation was 2.3%. For this case, the results calculated by ATHENA were also consistent with stand-alone calculations using the NIST database. Because the validation included variations in temperature at constant pressure, the agreement in specific heat capacity, which was not reported by Perry, is expected to be similar to that shown for enthalpy. Task 1-3: Selection of the Optimization Computer Code We used both the HYSYS [HYSYS, 2001] and ASPEN PLUS computer [Aspen Plus, 2001] codes to simulate the VHTR reference design. HYSYS has the capability to model polytropic expansion and compression process through both turbines and compressors as opposed to ASPEN PLUS, which only models isentropic expansion and compression flows. Therefore, the more accurate results can be obtained using HYSYS. ASPEN PLUS has a larger chemical database; however, our system deals with helium in the primary side, which is an inert fluid, and CO2 in the power conversion side, which is included in the HYSYS database. In addition, HYSYS is a more user-friendly code than is ASPEN PLUS. Therefore, we selected to use the HYSYS computer code for the process optimization and simulation for the project. We simulated a reference design using both HYSYS and ASPEN PLUS to compare the results [Oh, 2003]. Figures 2-7 and 2-8 show simulation results. Table 2-1 shows the detailed comparison between these simulations with the reference design parameters. 8 Calculated enthalpy (kJ/kg)PDF Image | Development Of A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle
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