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The preliminary results of the pressure effect on the cycle efficiency and the size of the recuperator using a supercritical CO2 cycle, indirect 3-shaft arrangement are presented in Table 3-4. Table 3-4. Results of the pressure effect on the efficiency. where UA is universal heat transfer coefficient times heat transfer area. In order to maintain an effectiveness factor of 95% for the recuperator, the following calculation was implemented into the HYSYS simulation: The effectiveness of a heat exchanger is defined as the ratio of the actual heat transfer rate to the maximum heat transfer rate. Pressure in PCS Mass flow rate (kg/s) UA value for recuperator (kJ/C-hr) Cycle efficiency 6.3 MPa 700 2.7095e7 48% 13 MPa 625 1.885e7 49.3% 20 MPa 560 1.507e7 50.3% q q max qmax Cmin (Th,i Tc,i ) where Cmin is either Ccold or Chot, whichever is smaller. Ccold cp,cold m cold Chot cp,hotm hot (3-1) (3-2) (3-3) (3-4) The effectiveness is set for each heat exchanger (90% for the intermediate heat exchanger and 95% for the recuperator). Next, the qmax is determined using equation 3-2 through 3-4. In the case of Helium cp is constant through the heat exchanger and Cmin is not a function of temperature. However, in the case of CO2 or other real gases cp is not constant and Cmin is a function of temperature. To account for this, the assumption was made that cp through the heat exchanger would be the average, cp,avg of cp,in and cp,out. In order to fully define a heat exchanger, the inlet and outlet temperature and pressure must be known, along with the mass flow for both the hot and cold side of the heat exchanger. Therefore q of the heat exchanger can be calculated. HYSYS uses an adjust function to make the heat exchanger satisfy the effectiveness condition. Equations 3-1 and 3-2 and the heat exchanger conditions are entered into HYSYS. HYSYS then calculates q, qmax and for the exchanger. A modifiable condition is then entered into HYSYS. This condition is adjusted, while the others are held constant, so that the heat exchanger satisfies the effectiveness condition. For the IHX the cold side outlet temperature is adjusted. While for the recuperator the hot side outlet pressure is adjusted. Therefore, if a condition is altered the modifiable condition can be adjusted to satisfy the effectiveness condition. 30PDF Image | Development Of A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle
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