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nitrogen (80% by wt.) and helium (20% by weight). The majority of fluid is 0.636 mole fraction of helium vs. 0.364 mole fraction of nitrogen. This indirect cycle design facilitates an improvement of the cycle efficiency using a Rankine bottoming cycle. The key difference of this concept is the reduction of the reactor inlet temperature and lower pressures compared with that of GT-MHR and others. With reduced inlet temperature, the flow rate and circulator power is lower and lower pressures results in less stress problems in material and reduce wall thickness of reactor and other units in the system. INL developed a combined cycle using CO2 as the working fluid in the Brayton cycle rather than N2/He proposed by Framatome. All the operating conditions are considered to be INL’s intellectual properties. Table 3-10 shows the main differences between Framatome’s N2/He cycle and CO2 cycle developed by INL. For these calculations, hydrogen generation process was included in both configurations. In terms of the overall cycle efficiency, the efficiency is nearly the same (48%) for both configurations. The main advantage of the CO2 cycle over the N2/He cycle is that CO2 cycle reduces the size of the intermediate heat exchanger, turbines, and compressors due to the reduced volumetric flow of CO2 compared to N2/helium. Table 3-10. Comparison of the combined N2/He and combined with CO2 cycle. Combined Cycle with N2/Helium in Brayton Cycle Combined Cycle with CO2 in Brayton Cycle Reactor Power 600 MW-thermal 600 MW-thermal Configuration Indirect Indirect Fluid in the reactor Helium Helium Fluid in Brayton Cycle N2/He CO2 Reactor Inlet 400oC 400oC 5 MPa 5 MPa Reactor Outlet 1000oC 1000oC 4.95 MPa 4.95 MPa IHX Outlet 392oC 392oC 4.867 MPa 4.867 MPa Turbine Inlet 1000oC 1000oC 4.95 MPa 11 MPa Compressor Inlet 129.4oC 119.6oC 1.63 MPa 1.63 MPa Hot Pinch Temperature 285.5C 305.9 Cold Pinch Temperature 283.1C 282.8C UA* 8.61e7 kJ/C-hr 3.03e7 kJ/C-hr Std. Vol. Flow 4800 m3/h 3489 m3/h Cycle Efficiency 48% 48% * UA is the universal heat transfer coefficient and A is the heat transfer area. The reheat cycle configuration is shown in Figure 3-20. 41PDF Image | Development Of A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle
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