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4. TASK 3: MATERIAL TESTING Identification of materials for a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle operating at temperatures approaching 1000oC remains one of the most troubling issues. Candidate materials must have exceptional high temperature strength and creep resistance as well as exceptional corrosion resistance in order to obtain long component lifetimes (>10-20 years). The material of choice should also be easily fabricated and joined to be cost effective. Normally, metallic alloys would be the material of choice, however, the extremely high operating temperature (~1000oC) and a pressurized environment, places severe limitations on the number of metallic materials suitable for this application. One of the candidate, metallic materials for application in the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle is an oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) nickel-based alloy designated MA 754. The yttrium oxide dispersion incorporated into this material increases high temperature strength and creep resistance. The nickel-based alloy matrix contains a high amount of chromium (~20 wt% Cr) that makes it highly corrosion resistant in many environments. The alloy is relatively new and data is lacking in the areas of corrosion behavior in supercritical CO2 and creep rates at various temperature and applied stress combinations. Research was done to evaluate the corrosion resistance and creep behavior in order to determine the suitability of this alloy for long-term applications in the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle. Additionally, the alloy I-617 was added to the supercritical CO2 corrosion study. While more mechanical property data at temperatures up to 1000oC exists for this alloy (which is currently being evaluated for inclusion in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel code), the corrosion behavior of this alloy in supercritical CO2 is unknown. This is also a nickel based alloy with a slightly higher chromium content (22 wt% versus 20 wt% for MA 754) and significant additions of cobalt (12.5 wt %) and molybdenum (9 wt %) compared to MA 754 which does not contain these elements. Since the high temperature mechanical properties of this alloy are being evaluated elsewhere, only the corrosion behavior of this alloy was investigated for this particular material. Task 3-1 Characterization of Creep Deformation of MA 754 The results of this task have been summarized in two papers – one concerning the coarse-grained (creep resistant) MA 754 material and the other focusing on the fine-grained MA 754. The relevant journal information, where more detailed analysis and explanation of the results can be found, is shown below: Totemeier, T.C. and Lillo, T.M, “Effect of Orientation on the Tensile and Creep Properties of Coarse-Grained INCONEL Alloy MA754”, Metallurgical and Materials Trans. A, vol. 36A, 2005, pp. 785-795. Totemeier, T.C. Lillo, T.M. and Simpson, J. A, “Elevated Temperature Strength of Fine Grained INCONEL Alloy MA754”, Metallurgical and Materials Trans. A, vol. 36A, 2005, pp. 2552-2555. Subtask 3-1-1 Characterization of Initial Microstructure - MA 754 can be obtained in either a coarse, elongated grained state or in a relatively fine, equiaxed grained state. The coarse, elongated microstructure is considered to be more creep resistant than the fine, equiaxed microstructure. (The coarse, elongated grain microstructure is produced from the fine equiaxed microstructure by a high temperature heat treatment.) Figure 4-1 shows the initial microstructure of each material as observed in the transmission electron microscope. MA 754 is produced by consolidation of mechanically alloyed powders. Mechanical alloying (MA) is used to incorporate very fine yttrium oxide particles into the nickel/chromium-based powder particles. The mechanically-alloyed powders are then consolidated to full density by extrusion at elevated temperatures to produce a rectangular bar (other shapes can also be 54PDF Image | Development Of A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle
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