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a) b) Figure 4-9. Metallographic cross-sections of creep specimens: (a) specimen F-T-19 tested at 1000°C and 10 MPa, elongation 24% (prior to failure); (b) specimen F-T-14 tested at 900°C and 25 MPa, failure elongation 2.4%. The present results clearly indicate that fine-grained MA 754 offers no advantage over the annealed, coarse-grained condition in creep-limited applications. This is true even for the relatively weaker long transverse orientation. Creep and rupture strengths are approximately a factor of five lower, and the alloy still shows very creep-brittle behavior. As with the coarse grained MA 754, the low ductility and brittle failure mode poses serious problems for the application of this material in a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle operating at high temperatures. Task 3-2 Thermogravimetric Analyses The other vital aspect of prospective materials for use in a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle is their corrosion behavior in high temperature, high pressure CO2. Even if the mechanical properties of the material enable, or do not prevent, their use in the system, poor corrosion resistance may ultimately determine their suitability. Subtask 3-2-1 Design and Construction of Supercritical CO2 Test Loop - High temperature, high pressure CO2 corrosion testing systems were developed as part of this work to explore the corrosion behavior of potential materials. The temperatures and pressure are sufficiently high to prevent the use of commercially-available equipment. New systems had to be designed and fabricated. Two such systems were constructed. Both were of the once-through design with CO2 being compressed, heated, either passed through or over candidate materials and then vented to the atmosphere. The CO2 was not recirculated. One system allowed a large number of samples to be tested simultaneously while the other system tested individual materials in a pipe configuration and contained significant gradients in temperature and stress. Figure 4-10 shows a schematic representation of the multi-sample system. The test sections are pipes on the order of 1.2 meters in length with approximately 11 mm internal diameter. These tubes were fabricated from 304 stainless steel. (The wall thickness was sufficient to withstand an internal pressure of 7 MPa at 1000oC for 10,000 hours.) The hot zone was on the order of 0.6 m long, over which the temperature found to vary by less than + 5oC. Sample coupons were placed inside the 304 stainless steel tubes. The CO2 flow rate was on the order of 5 ml/minute, although higher flow rates were possible. However, turbulent flow conditions are probably not possible with system and the experiment was carried out under laminar flow conditions. The system was automated and only required personnel to occasionally change out the CO2 cylinders. Figure 4-11 shows a schematic of the other system utilizing a sample in the form of a pipe with the supercritical CO2 flowing through the internal passage. The sample pipe is connected to the high pressure CO2 with water cooled connectors. The ends of the sample are therefore much lower (~200-300oC) than 64PDF Image | Development Of A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle
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