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5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Key accomplishments from this three year program are highlighted in this section. Note that these accomplishments include items required to meet task objectives outlined in the original proposal for this project and items that meet the overall NERI objectives. As indicated in the Executive Summary we performed extra task which was not included in the original proposal, that is Power Conversion Unit of VHTR Coupled to Hydrogen Plant in Section 2.4. Task 1: The objective of this task involves the development of S-CO2 Brayton cycle. Five sub-tasks involve the mathematical derivation of the turbine and compressor efficiency for real expansion and compression, check of S-CO2 thermal and transport properties with NIST database and a number of equations of state, the selection of the optimization computer code, the optimized S-CO2 cycle, and performance of the baseline calculations. The task summaries are : The Soave equation of state in HYSYS in Aspen Plus gives good agreement of thermal properties compared with NIST database. We used both HYSYS and Aspen Plus cods to simulate the PBR reference design and the results are close with a small difference. HYSYS was selected for this project because HYSYS has the capability to model polytropic expansion and compression as opposed to Aspen Plus which is limited to isentropic expansion and compression. The HYSYS CO2 Brayton cycle model gives a 51% plant efficiency, which is an improvement over the 47% for the helium Brayton cycle using the same BOP layout. The improvement in efficiency is attributed to the reduced volumetric flow of CO2 over that of helium, which results in less compression work. Task 2: The objective of this task is to determine and improve the overall cycle efficiency. In order to accomplish this task, we investigated the parametric study of the effect of each parameter on the overall cycle efficiency. We checked the discharge temperature at the exit of a polytropic expansion and compression using pressure-enthalpy data of S-CO2 from the NIST database and compared with that from HYSYS calculation. They agree well. As part of validation and verification, we used the GHTH 300 reference design to compare results from HYSYS. They agree well. For the task 2-4, CO2 proved to be the best working fluid in terms of efficiency, with an efficiency of 48.76%. Helium had an efficiency of 47.76% and the nitrogen-helium mixture had an efficiency of 47.24%. For the task 2-4, the turbomachinery work using CO2 was approximately 8.5% lower than the work when using helium and the mixture. CO2 also produced the smallest total heat exchanger volume which was 10% lower than the volume when using the nitrogen-helium mixture and 11% lower than the volume when using helium. For the task 2-4, parametric studies demonstrated that the working fluids were equally affected by the working conditions within the cycle, except helium was less affected by pressure. The pressure study also highlighted that the combined cycle was not greatly effected by the pressure. Therefore, lower pressures could be used in the system to decrease component sizes with a small decrease in efficiency. The cycle was also the least affected as compared to the three-shaft and reheated cycles. 76PDF Image | Development Of A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle
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