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efficiency is increased when cogeneration is used to supply heat to various applications and facilities. The overall energy efficiency of a cogeneration system is the percent of the fuel converted into both electricity and useful thermal energy. Typical cogeneration systems have overall efficiencies of 45–60%. Recently, researchers have extended CHP to have more output purposes. In this regard, trigeneration energy systems have become more suitable for energy markets. Trigeneration is the simultaneous production of heating, cooling and electricity from a common energy source. Trigeneration utilizes the waste or other heat of a power plant to improve overall thermal performance, often utilizing the free energy available from waste energy. In a trigeneration system, waste heat from the plant’s prime mover (e.g, gas turbine or diesel engine or Rankine cycle [6]), sometimes with temperature enhancement, drives heating and cooling devices. The heat can be used for space heating, domestic hot water production or steam production for process heating. The heat can also be used for cooling, by driving an absorption chiller. Several studies on trigeneration have been conducted in the last few years, likely due to its benefits and plans for applications. Trigeneration can be applied widely, e.g., in chemical and food industries, airports, shopping centres, hotels, hospitals, and houses. Fig. 1.1 illustrates a trigeneration energy system, consisting of the following four major parts: A power generation unit, i.e. a prime mover, such as a gas turbine. A cooling unit, such as a single-effect absorption chiller. A heating unit, such as a boiler or heat recovery steam generator. The following processes occur in a trigeneration plant: Mechanical power is produced via a generator unit, such as a gas turbine. The mechanical power is used to drive an electrical generator. Waste heat exits the mechanical generator unit directly or via heated materials like exhaust gases. As shown in Fig. 1.1, with a single prime mover we can produce heating, cooling and electricity simultaneously. Recently, researchers have extended trigeneration to produce more products like hot water, hydrogen and potable water using a single prime mover by implementing a system called multigeneration. 21PDF Image | Energy Systems for Multigeneration Purposes
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