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options, increased reliability, and less grid failure [7]. These benefits are discussed below. Multigeneration improves the overall efficiency of the plant and reduces operating costs. The overall efficiency of conventional power plants that use fossil fuel with a single prime mover is usually less than 40%. That is, more than 60% of the heating value of the fuel entering a conventional power plant is lost. On the other hand, the overall efficiency of a conventional power plant that produces electricity and heat separately is around 60% [8]. However, with the utilization of the waste heat from the prime mover, the efficiency of multigeneration plants could reach up to 80% [9]. In a multigeneration plant, the waste heat from the electricity generation unit is used to operate the cooling and heating systems without the need for extra fuel, unlike a conventional power plant that requires extra energy resources. Thus, a multigeneration plant uses less energy to produce the same output as a conventional plant, and has correspondingly lower operating costs. Multigeneration also reduces GHG emissions. Since a multigeneration energy system uses less fuel to produce the same output compared to a conventional power plant, a multigeneration plant emits less GHGs. Although the GHG emissions from multigeneration plants are less than conventional plants, there are some limitations of using multigeneration plants in a distributed manner because of their on-site gas emissions. Another important benefit of using multigeneration energy systems is that they reduce costs and energy losses due to the fact that they need fewer electricity transmission lines and distribution units. The conventional production of electricity is usually from a centralized plant that is generally located far from the end user. The losses from transmission and distribution of electricity from a centralized system to the user can be about 9% [8]. These benefits have encouraged researchers and designers to develop multigeneration energy systems. The improvement in efficiency is often the most significant factor in implementing a multigeneration energy system. Further assessments before selecting multigeneration plants, such as evaluations of initial capital and operating costs, are needed to ensure efficient and economic multigeneration plant construction and performance [8]. 1.3 Prime Movers In a multigeneration energy system, it is important to select a proper prime mover to meet the required demand. Hence, selection of this component is one of the major concerns for engineers 24PDF Image | Energy Systems for Multigeneration Purposes
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