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directed through anozzleover the turbine blades, spinning the turbine that powers the compressor and, for some turbines, drives their mechanical output. The energy given up to the turbine comes from the reduction in the temperature and pressure of the exhaust gas. In a practical gas turbine, gasses are first accelerated in either a centrifugal or radial compressor. These gasses are then slowed down using a diverging nozzle known as a diffuser; these processes increase the pressure and temperature of the flow. In an ideal system this process is isentropic. However, in practice energy is lost in the form of heat, due to friction and turbulence. Gasses then pass from the diffuser to a combustion chamber or similar device, where heat is added. In an ideal system this occurs at constant pressure [11]. As there is no change in pressure, the specific volume of the gasses increases. In practical situations this process is usually accompanied by a slight loss in pressure due to friction. Finally, this larger volume of gasses is expanded and accelerated by nozzle guide vanes before energy is extracted by a turbine. Micro gas turbines are a kind of gas turbine that has become widespread in distributed power generation units, combined heat and power applications and trigeneration systems. They are one of the most promising technologies for powering hybrid electric vehicles. They range from hand held units producing less than a kilowatt, to commercial sized systems that produce tens or hundreds of kilowatts. The basic principles of micro turbines are based on micro combustion [11]. Gas turbines have the following advantages: Very high power-to-weight ratio compared to reciprocating engines. Smaller than most reciprocating engines of the same power rating. Moves unidirectionally, with far less vibration than a reciprocating engine. Fewer moving parts than reciprocating engines. Low operating pressures. High operation speeds. Low lubricating oil cost and consumption. Can run on a wide variety of fuels. Although gas turbines have various advantages, they have some disadvantages: Cost is very high. Less efficient than reciprocating engines at idle speed. Longer startup than reciprocating engines. Less responsive to changes in power demand compared to reciprocating engines. 26PDF Image | Energy Systems for Multigeneration Purposes
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