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5.2.1 Cost balance equation For each flow in a system, a parameter called flow cost rate ̇ ($/h) is defined, and a cost balance is written for each component as ̇∑̇̇∑̇̇ (5.12) Cost balances are generally written so that all terms are positive. Using Eq. (5.12), one can write [90]: ∑(̇) ̇ ̇∑(̇)̇ (5.15) where Zk is the purchase cost of the kth component, and CRF is the capital recovery factor. 5.2.2 Capital recovery factor Capital recovery factor (CRF) depends on the interest rate and equipment life time, and is determined as (5.13) (5.14) Cj cjExj ̇ () () (5.16) Here, i denotes the interest rate and n the total operating period of the system in years. Also, N is the annual number of operation hours for the unit, and φ is the maintenance factor, which is often 1.06 [4, 66, 90]. 5.3 Environmental impact assessment An important measure for reducing environmental impact, including emissions of carbon dioxide, a primary greenhouse gas, is increasing efficiency and thereby decreasing fuel use. Although numerous exergy and exergoeconomic analyses have been reported for CHP and trigeneration, many do not incorporate environmental impact. Addressing this deficiency is one objective of this article, in which emissions of CO, CO2 and NOx are considered. The amount of CO and NOx produced in the combustion chamber due to the combustion reaction depends on various combustion characteristics including the adiabatic flame temperature [91]. The adiabatic flame temperature in the primary zone of the combustion chamber can be expressed as follows: Tpz A exp(( )2)x*y*z* (5.17) 61PDF Image | Energy Systems for Multigeneration Purposes
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