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5.5.2.2 Energy efficiency The energy, or first law, efficiency is defined as the ratio of useful energy produced by the system (cold, heat, electricity) to the input energy of the fuel supplied to the system. In this study, we consider three energy efficiencies for the system: the gas turbine cycle, the CHP portion of the system and the overall multigeneration system, i.e., ̇ ̇ ̇̇ ̇ (5.86) (5.87) (5.88) where LHVf denotes the lower heating value of the fuel (natural gas) and is assigned a value LHVf = 50,000 kJ/kg, m f is the mass flow rate of the fuel entering the combustion chamber, and ̇ , ̇ and ̇ denote the net power outputs of the gas turbine cycle, the steam cycle and the ORC cycle. Also, ̇ ̇ and ̇ denote the heating load of the multigeneration system, the absorption cooling load and ORC cooling load, while the last two terms in the numerator denote the energy values of the hydrogen and hot water products. It can be seen from these expressions the energy efficiency of the multigeneration system must exceed that for the gas turbine (GT) cycle. Note that the multigeneration energy efficiency is often problematic, as the cooling terms in the numerator can cause the energy efficiency to exceed 100 %; this explains in part why exergy efficiencies are more advantageous. 5.5.2.3 Exergy efficiency The exergy efficiency, defined as the product exergy output divided by the exergy input, for the gas turbine, CHP and overall multigeneration systems, can be expressed as follows: ̇̇̇̇̇̇̇̇ ̇ ̇ ̇ ̇̇ ̇ (5.89) (5.90) 85PDF Image | Energy Systems for Multigeneration Purposes
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