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̇̇̇ ̇̇̇̇ For evaporator The energy and mass balance equations for evaporator can be written as ̇̇ ̇̇ () 5.6.1.5 Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination unit (5.183) (5.184) (5.185) (5.186) (5.187) ̇ A typical seawater reverse osmosis-desalination plant consists of four major processes: seawater intake, pre-treatment and the RO system. Here, the RO system is the main process in which the separation occurs. The RO system includes a high pressure pump, the membrane separation unit and an energy recuperation system. The raw water is pressurized by a high pressure pump and then it is supplied to the membranes where the seawater desalination takes place. In this thesis, a standard RO unit based on a typical seawater RO plant consisting of a single RO stage of b trains is considered according to Salcedo et al. [107]. The rejected brine is pressurized at the outlet of the RO stage and then passes through a hydro-turbine in order to recover part of the energy consumed by the high pressure pump. In order to model the RO desalination unit, mass and energy balance are used as follows: ̇ (̇ ̇ ) Here, bn is the number of trains which is 7 in our study and pump and hydro-turbine which are expressible as follows: ∆̇ ∆̇ ̇ and ̇ (5.188) are required RO (5.189) (5.190) ̇ where ∆ isentropic efficiencies respectively. The target fresh water flow rate, ̇ is determined from electricity deriving the RO and the recovery ratio RR, which is one of the technical characteristics of the membrane, as follows: is the transmembrane pressure and and are RO pump and hydroturbine 99PDF Image | Energy Systems for Multigeneration Purposes
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