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considered here (Fig. 4.3) is divided into three parts: flat plate solar collector, ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) unit and PEM electrolyzer. Fig. 4.3 shows a schematic diagram of an integrated OTEC system equipped with a flat plate solar collector, a PV/T panel, a single effect absorption chiller, a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination unit and PEM electrolyzer. This integrated system uses the warm surface seawater to evaporate a working fluid like ammonia or a Freon refrigerant, which drives a turbine to produce electricity, which in turn is used to drive a PEM electrolyzer to produce hydrogen. After passing through the turbine, the vapor is condensed in a heat exchanger that is cooled by cold deep seawater. The working fluid is then pumped back through the warm seawater heat exchanger, and the cycle is repeated continuously. Energy and exergy analyses are used to determine the temperature profile in the plant, input and output enthalpy and exergy flows, exergy destructions rates and energy and exergy efficiencies. The relevant energy balances and governing equations for the main sections of the plant shown in Fig. 4.3 are described in the following subsections. 5.7.1.1 Flat plate solar collector As shown in Fig. 4.3, water enters the solar collector at point 2 and is heated by the collector. The useful heat gained by the working fluid can be written as ̇ ̇ Here, is collector efficiency factor which is around 0.914 for this case [109] and Ul is the overall collector loss coefficient obtained from [109]. In equation (5.218), radiation flux absorbed by the absorber is calculated as ̇ ( )̇ (5.220) 105 ̇( ) (5.217) where T3, T2, Cp and ̇ are the water outlet temperature, inlet temperature, specific heat at constant pressure and mass flow rate. The Hottel-Whillier equation for the heat gained by the flat plate collector considering heat losses from the collector is calculated as [109]: ( ) (5.218) where T0 is the ambient temperature and the FR is heat removal factor which is defined as: ̇[ {̇ }] (5.219)PDF Image | Energy Systems for Multigeneration Purposes
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