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() () (5.234) where LC is the length of the evaporator plate and is taken from reference [110]. Also, Deq is the equivalent diameter given in equation (5.230) and ( ) is the pressure difference caused by the density difference between the warm seawater surface and cold deeper seawater, calculated as [110]: () (( )) (5.235) 5.7.1.3 Solar PV/T system In this integrated multigeneration energy system, a PV/T solar panel is considered as shown on the left side of Fig. 4.3. In order to model the PV/T system, the equation used by Joshi et al. [111]. The equation to calculate power produced by the PV module is given as ̇̇ rate of useful thermal energy obtained from the PV/T air collector is thus obtained as follows: ̇ ̇ {( ̇) ( )}⌈ (̇ ⌉ (5.237) where Z is defined as ( ) ( ) (5.238) Here is absorptivity of solar cell with the value of 0.85 and is absorptivity of black surface with the value of 0.9 respectively. In equation (5.237) UL is the overall heat transfer coefficient from solar cell to ambient through top and back surface of insulation with the value of 4.71 . The air outlet temperature of the PV/T panel is calculated based on the energy balance for the PV/T panel and it is expressed as follows: [ ̇]{ (̇ )} [ (̇ )] (5.239) ̇̇ (5.236) where is the solar cell efficiency which is equal to 0.38 in this study, is the packing factor of solar cell with the value of 0.83 in this thesis based on research by Joshi et al. [111] and τg is the transitivity of the solar panel glass with the value of 0.95 and A is the solar area in m2. The The thermal efficiency of the PV/T collector is defined as ̇ ̇ (5.240) 108PDF Image | Energy Systems for Multigeneration Purposes
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