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resources into different forms can be assessed quantitatively using an environmental index of performance. The outputs of the energy conversion process are not only the desired products like electricity, heating and cooling, but also pollutant emissions (e.g., NOx and CO), CO2 emissions, thermal pollution (e.g., warming of process air and water), solid wastes, etc. Figure 6.26: Variations of unit CO emissions with compressor pressure ratio for selected cases. Reduction or minimization of these undesired effects may be an objective from the energetic perspective. A single pollutant can be considered in such an environmental impact assessment objective according to its degree of harmfulness. If more than one pollution source is taken into account, their degrees of harmfulness can be introduced as relative weights of each pollutant measure. The weighting may also be considered from economic point of view when the unit damage cost of each pollutant is available. These criteria can also be combined to form a hybrid criterion which includes information from each. In this analysis, we express the environmental impact as the total cost rate of pollution damage ($/s) due to CO, NOx and CO2 emissions by multiplying their respective flow rates by their corresponding unit damage costs (CCO, CNOx and CCO2, which are taken to be equal to 0.02086 $/kg, 6.853 $/kg and 0.024 $/kg, respectively) [116]. The cost of pollution damage is assumed here to be added directly to other system costs.Expanding the results for CO2 emissions, we investigate the effect of compressor pressure ratio on cost of environmental impact and sustainability index. Fig. 6.27 shows that increasing the compressor pressure decreases the cost of environmental impact, due to the reduction of mass flow rate injected into the combustion 135PDF Image | Energy Systems for Multigeneration Purposes
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