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6.3.4.1 Definition of objectives Two objective functions are considered here for multi-objective optimization: exergy efficiency (to be maximized) and total cost rate of product (to be minimized). The cost of pollution damage is assumed to be added directly to the expenditures that must be paid, making the second objective function the sum of thermodynamic and environmental objectives. Consequently, the objective functions in this analysis can be expressed as follows: Exergy efficiency ̇̇̇̇̇̇ ̇ Total cost rate (6.4) ̇∑̇̇̇ (6.5) where the cost rates of environmental impact and fuel are expressed as ̇̇̇̇ (6.6) Here, Z K is the purchase cost of each component. More details about equipment purchase cost can be found elsewhere [64].The purchase cost of each component in this multigeneration system was explained in section 5.12.2. Also cf is the fuel cost which is taken to be 0.01 $/kWh in this study. In this analysis, we express the environmental impact as the total cost rate of pollution damage ($/s) due to CO2 emissions by multiplying their respective flow rates by their corresponding unit damage costs (CCO2, which is taken to be equal to and 0.024 $/kg, respectively) [64]. The cost of pollution damage is assumed here to be added directly to other system costs. 6.3.4.2 Decision variables The following decision variables (design parameters) are selected for this study: biomass flow rate ( ̇ ), ORC pump inlet temperature (Tin,Pump), ORC evaporator pinch point temperature (PP) difference, ORC turbine inlet pressure (Pmain), ORC turbine inlet temperature (Tmain), ORC turbine isentropic efficiency (T), pump isentropic efficiency (p) and absorption chiller evaporator temperature (TEVP).Although the decision variables may be varied in the optimization procedure, each is normally required to be within a reasonable range. Such constraints, based on earlier reports are listed in Table 6.9. 175PDF Image | Energy Systems for Multigeneration Purposes
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