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Figure 3.9 Principle design of the prototype brine-to-water integrated CO2 heat pump system. The prototype CO2 heat pump was equipped with a hermetic rolling piston compressor, a tripartite counter- flow tube-in-tube gas cooler and a counter-flow tube-in-tube suction gas heat exchanger. An expansion valve (back-pressure valve) and a low-pressure liquid receiver (LPR) were used to control the pressure in the tripartite gas cooler. Gas cooler units A and C were connected to an unvented single-shell DHW storage tank and an inverter controlled pump by means of a closed water loop. Gas cooler unit B was connected to a low- temperature hydronic heat distribution system. The integrated CO2 heat pump system was tested in three different operating modes. 1) Simultaneous space heating and DHW heating (Combined mode), 2) Hot water heating (DHW mode) and 3) Space heating (SH mode). During tapping of DHW, hot water was delivered at the tapping site, while cold city water entered the bottom of the DHW tank. During charging of the DHW tank in the Combined and DHW modes, the cold city water from the bottom of the DHW tank was pumped through gas cooler units A and C, heated to the desired temperature level, and returned at the top of the tank. The CO2 system was tested at 40/35oC, 35/30oC or 33/28oC supply/return temperature in the SH system, and 60oC, 70oC or 80oC in the DHW system. The heat rejection process in the three different operating modes is illustrated in temperature-enthalpy diagrams in Figure 3.10 through 3.12. The supply/return temperatures for the floor heating system are 35/30oC, while the city water temperature and the set-point for the DHW are 6.5 and 70oC, respectively. In the Combined mode, the so-called DHW heating demand ratio is about 45%, which means that 45% of the total heating capacity of the tripartite gas cooler is used for hot water heating. Figure 3.10 The heat rejection process for an integrated CO2 heat pump in space heating (SH) mode (35/30oC) illustrated in a temperature-enthalpy diagram. 85 bar optimum gas cooler pressure. International Energy Agency (IEA) Heat Pump Programme – Annex 32 – Workshop in Kyoto, Japan – December 6th, 2007 11PDF Image | INTEGRATED CO2 HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
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