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International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET) – Volume 3 No. 2, February, 2013 6. DISCUSSION The various authors have performed the experimentation related to the heat transfer enhancement by using oxide form nanofluid such as CuO, Al2O3 ,TiO2, ZnO. Amongst all Al2O3 and CuO are frequently used due to the ease of suspension in the basefluid. The use of proper ultrasonic mixer is essential for the uniform mixing of the nanoparticles. Proper care has to be taken while handling the nanoparticles in order to avoid the oxidation. The use of the nanofluid with higher concentration provides considerably higher thermal performance for all Reynolds number. 7. CONCLUSIONS 1. The higher the nanoparticles weight fraction, the more the rate of heat transfer enhancement. 2. The heat transfer rate is directly proportional to Nusselt and Peclet number of the fluid. 3. The fine grade of nanoparticles increases the surface area which results in increase in the heat transfer rate. 4. Nanofluid stability and its production cost are major factors that hinders the commercialization of the nanofluids. By solving these challenges, it is expected that nanofluid can make substantial impact as coolant in heat exchanging devices. 5. There has been considerable pressure drop by the use of nanofluid, but can overcome to some extend if extremely fine powder is used (less than 20 nm). REFERENCES [1] Jongwook Choi and Yuwen Zhang, “Numerical simulation of laminar forced convection heat transfer of Al2O3-water nanofluid in a pipe with return bend”, International Journal of Thermal Science 55 (2012) 90-102. [2] S.M.Fotukian, M.Nasr Esfahany, “Experimental investigation of turbulent convective heat transfer heat transfer of dilute γ-Al2O3/water nanofluid inside a circular tubes”, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 31 (2010) 606-612. [3] SharjeelTahir,ManuMital,“Numericalinvestigation of laminar nanofluid developing flow and heat transfer in a circular channel”, Applied Thermal Engineering 39 (2012) 8-14. [4] M.Nasiri,S.Gh.Etemad, R.Bagheri, “Experimental heat transfer of nanofluid through an annular duct”, International Communication in Heat and Mass Transfer 38 (2011) 958-963. [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] Javad Bayat, Amir Hossein Niksereht, “Thermal performance and pressure drop analysis of nanofluids in turbulent forced convective flows”, International Journal of Thermal Sciences 60 (2012) 236-243. M.A.Akhavan-Behabadi,M.Fakoor Pakdaman, M.Ghazvini, “Experimental investigation on the convective heat transfer of nanofluid inside vertical helically coiled tubes under uniform wall temperature condition”, International Communication in Heat and Mass Transfer 39 (2012) 556-564. M.Saeedinia, M.A.Akhavan-Behabadi, M.Nasr “Experimental study on heat transfer and pressure drop of nanofluid flow in a horizontal coiled wire inserted tube under constant heat flux”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 36 (2012) 158-168. D.Ashtiani, M.A. Akhavan-Behabadi, M. Fakoor Pakdaman, “An experimental investigation on heat transfer characteristics of multi-walled CNT –heat on transfer oil nanofluid flow inside flattened tubes under uniform wall temperature condition” , International Communication in heat and Mass Transfer xxx(2012) xxx-xxx( Article in press). S.M.Hashemi,M.A.Akavan-Behabadi,“Anempirical study on heat transfer and pressure drop characterstics of CuO-base oil nanofluid flow in horizontal helically coiled tube under heat flux”, International Communication in Heat and Mass Transfer 39 (2012) 144-151. [10]S.Zeinali Heris, M.Nasr. Esfahany, S.Gh. Etemad, “Experimental investigation of convective heat transfer of Al2O3 / water nanofluid in circular tube”, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 28 (2007) 203-210. [11] S.Suresh, M.Chandrasekar, “A comparision of thermal characterstics of Al2O3 / water and CuO/ water nanofluids in transition flow through a straight circular duct fitted with helical screw tape inserts”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 39 (2012) 37-44. [12] Massimo Corcione, Marta Cianfrini, Alessandro Quintino, “Heat transfer of nanofluids in turbulent pipe flow”, International Journal of Thermal Science 56 (2012) 58-69. [13]K.B. Anoop, T. Sundararajan, Sarit K. Das, “Effect of particle size on the convective heat transfer in nanofluid in the developing region”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 52 (2009) 2189– 2195. K.P.Venkitaraj, P.Selvakumar, ISSN: 2049-3444 © 2013 – IJET Publications UK. All rights reserved. 141PDF Image | Nanofluid Heat Transfer
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