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Chapter One This chapter covers the industrial energy demand and the need for efficient energy use and recovery of waste energy in the process industries with emphasis on the food, drink and chemical processing industries. It also introduces in detail the motivation for carrying out the research, the aims of the project, the methodology adopted in the work and the structure of the thesis. 1 Introduction 1.1 Energy and Industry Industrialization and the world population are the two major factors that drive global energy demand. Thus, since these two factors are always on the increase, this means that world energy demand will continuously be on the increase also. Amongst the different sources of energy (fossil fuels, wind, solar, hydro, geothermal and so on), fossil fuels still remain the most widely used. This is the result of their level of commercialization and technological advancement in their extraction. In 2009, the international energy agency (IEA) estimated that the total global energy consumption was about 508 x 1018 J (IEA, 2011). Out of this quantity, about 80% was produced through the burning of fossil fuels (IEA, 2011). This is close to the estimate given by US Energy Information Administration (EIA) who estimated that the world energy consumption in 2009 was 531 x 1018 J (EIA, 2010) with fossil fuels making up about 86% of this value. The projection for 2035 was estimated to be about 1PDF Image | Northumbria Research Link
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