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The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can be changed from one form to another. However, while the first law of thermodynamics tells us that the quantity of energy is unchanged, it does not tell us anything about its quality. The concept of the quality of energy is treated in the second law of thermodynamics, which states that there is always an increase in entropy in any given process. It is this entropy generation that gives rise to unusable energy. Almost all forms of energy which are unused within a system ultimately end up as thermal energy otherwise known as heat energy. Heat energy is the most enduring or indestructible form of energy, and is not readily convertible into other forms of energy when compared with other energy forms such as mechanical or electrical energy. Considering the fact that heat energy is the most enduring or indestructible form of energy it then means that every other form of energy (as shown in Table 1–2) which is unused within a process will likely end up as heat energy. Hence, comparing the quantity of other forms of energy consumption (all except column 9 of Table 1–2) with the actual amount of heat consumed as energy (see column 9 of Table 1–2), bearing in mind that no thermal system is 100% efficient, we can conclude that there is a lot of heat energy unrecovered for energy production. This heat energy is, rather, released to the environment as waste heat energy. Therefore, in order to improve the energy efficiency of the system and reduce CO2 emission, this waste heat energy has to be recovered. This brings us to the major motivation behind the execution of this project. 6PDF Image | Northumbria Research Link
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