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2.1.2.2 Waste Heat Based Wastewater Purification Techniques MED is among the traditional wastewater/seawater desalination methods. Its application to seawater purification dates as far back as the 19th century (Van der Bruggen and Vandecasteele, 2002). Its principle is based on heat transport from condensing steam to seawater/wastewater in a series of stages or effects. This is an example of a direct heat recovery system, and for waste heat recovery application, the waste heat can be used to produce steam (primary steam) which is passed through the first effect, where it is condensed, and in so doing evaporates the preheated seawater, thus giving rise to the secondary steam, which goes into the second effect, operated at a slightly lower temperature and pressure than the first (Van der Bruggen and Vandecasteele, 2002). The primary steam condensate is then sent back to the waste heat recovery heat exchanger. A schematic diagram showing the principle of the process is shown in Figure 2-3. There are a lot of problems associated with this process, including: corrosion and scaling of oversaturated compounds on the heat transfer surfaces, which cause fouling and thus a reduction in heat exchanger effectiveness and process performance. As a result of this problem, the number of effects is limited by a maximum temperature of about 120oC in the first effect, and the minimum temperature that allows heating of the incoming water in the last effect. Hence, considering the low nature (heat content) of the waste heat obtainable in a food processing plant under study (120–164oC) (Wu, 2009) 52PDF Image | Northumbria Research Link
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