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occurrence of crystallization in the system, while the double stage systems could perform up to a condensation temperature of 53oC. From the literature review, it can be observed that the basic principle of operation of the different classes of the AC system is basically the same; what determines the effect to be applied for any particular heat source is the quality of that source (ASHRAE, 2001) and the available cooling medium. Also it can be observed that most of the AC systems reported in the literature are driven by solar-powered systems; however, any waste heat source can be used. Apart from the cooling technologies presented above, which make use of waste heat directly, cooling can also be achieved using systems which make use of it indirectly. A typical example is ORC-driven vapour compression refrigeration (VCR) systems, also known as electrical chillers or refrigerators. VCR systems are heat pumps which make use of mechanical or electrical energy to drive a compressor, used to pressurise a vaporized refrigerant. The refrigerant in the vapour phase is passed to the condenser where it is condensed. The condensed refrigerant is passed through a throttle valve where its pressure is suddenly decreased, causing it to flash into a wet vapour. The wet vapour is then completely vaporized in the evaporator in order to obtain a cooling effect and the cycle continues. A typical schematic diagram is shown in Figure 2-10. These are very efficient systems, with very high COP when compared with AR systems. They are a well-developed and matured technology, and are also free from some operational problems associated with LiBr.H2O based ACs system like crystallization. Furthermore, 74PDF Image | Northumbria Research Link
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