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TCI ¶ Total Capital Investment NCF ¶ Net Cash Flow 7.3.2 Net Present Value Net present value calculates all incomes and outgoings in the economic life of the project (Ziher and Poredos, 2005). The net present value can be either positive or negative. A positive NPV indicates a net gain corresponding to the cash flow, while a negative present value indicates a net loss. Projects with negative NPV are usually rejected, while those with the highest NPV among various alternatives are always given the highest preference. This is always welcomed as a better alternative than the payback period because it puts into consideration the time value of money and other risk indicators associated with a project. This time value is accommodated in the calculation using the discounted rate parameter r, which is defined as the rate of return that could be earned on an investment in the financial markets with similar risk. Its value may be constant or variable throughout the life of the project. The calculation with a variable discounted rate value is always considered to be close to a real-life scenario, since the discounted rate varies in real-life investment. In mathematical terms, the NPV is defined as where O NCF 7-2 NPV Q m ,TCI Sμ S '1+r(S 154PDF Image | Northumbria Research Link
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