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2 S-CO2 Compression Test Loop Summary Sandia and its contractor Barber Nichols Inc. (Barber Nichols, 2008) have fabricated and are operating a supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) compression test-loop to investigate the key technology issues associated with this cycle. The key issues for the supercritical Brayton cycle include the fundamental issues of compressor fluid performance and system control near the critical point. Near the critical point very non- ideal fluid behavior is observed which often means that standard models for analyzing compressor performance cannot be used. Thus, one of the goals of the program is to develop data that can be used to validate the tools and models that are used to design the turbomachinery. Other supporting technology issues have also been investigated including bearing type, thrust loading, bearing cooling, sealing technologies, and rotor windage losses. In the testing to date, the turbomachinery has reached maximum speeds of 65,000 rpm, peak flow rates of over 4.1 kg/s (9 lb/s) and pressure ratios of just over 1.65, at compressor inlet densities near 70% the density of water. The data from these tests indicate that the basic design and performance predictions for the compression loop are sound. The compression loop has operated the turbo-compressor on the liquid and vapor side of the saturation curve, very near the critical point, above the critical point and even in the saturation curve. The compressor has been operated near the choked flow regime and even in surge. At the current operating speeds and pressures, the observed performance map data agrees well with the model predictions and the results are presented in this report. These results have positive implications for the ultimate success of the S-CO2 cycle. 2.1 S-CO2 Compression Test Loop and Hardware Figure 2-1 shows an engineering drawing of the supercritical compression test-loop. The loop sits on a skid that is approximately 2m x 3m and contains a motor-driven radial compressor, its motor/alternator controller, a flow meter orifice, and pressure drop orifice, a tube-and-shell gas-chiller, and miscellaneous compressors and ducting to control the rotor cavity pressure to reduce windage losses and to allow for fill and purge operations. The loop is modular and reconfigurable which allows the testing progress in phases and spreads the cost of hardware over a two-to-three year period. 14PDF Image | Operation and Analysis of a Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle
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