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3 S-CO2 Turbomachinery and Test-loop Components 3.1 Turbomachinery In the S-CO2 test loop, the turbomachinery is the key component in the entire loop. For the compression loop, the turbomachinery consists of a permanent magnet motor/alternator, the compressor, the diffuser vanes, the shroud, seals, bearings, and a water cooled housing. Figure 3-1 shows the details of the turbomachine and labels to identify the major components. The major function of the motor compressor is to spin the compressor wheel and thus provide pumping power to the CO2. Approximately 50 kW of pumping power will be supplied by the motor that will also operate at up to 150 kWe as a permanent magnet generator/alternator. The compressor wheel is designed to spin at 75,000 rpm and pump approximately 3.5 kg/s of supercritical CO2 at a pressure ratio of 1.8. The compressor inlet pressure is just above the critical pressure and has a fluid density of approximately 57% the density of room temperature water. To compress gas efficiently, a number of components and design features within the compressor wheel system design must be developed and tested. In addition to the compressor wheel design and its performance modeling, design features must be included to provide seals, bearings, and thrust balance components (pump out vanes or other mechanisms). These components allow the turbomachinery system to reduce windage losses, to reduce the seal leakage flow rates (and thus control auxiliary pumping power) and provide for thrust load balancing. This section of the report first describes the compressor wheel and its expected performance characteristics. Later sections describes the analysis and measured results for the leakage and windage loss mechanisms, as well as brief discussions on rotor dynamics and thrust load balancing design features. The overall design performance characteristics of the turbomachinery are provided in Table 3.1. Because the design for the turbomachinery is modular, it has been possible to replace compressor and turbine wheels, shrouds, bearing assemblies, and seals when modifications to the design were required. The rotor is also modular, and it uses a tie bolt to hold the rotor assembly together. For example, in the compression loop the initial journal bearings used ball bearings with substantial thrust load capabilities. Once the thrust loads were balanced, the journal ball bearings were replaced with gas-foil thrust and journal bearings. This modularity means that it is relatively easy to change components, or make changes to the designs. However, even though the design is flexible, it is still a complicated piece of machinery and requires several days to fully disassemble the turbomachinery and reassemble it with the proper pre- loaded stress on the fastening bolts. 24PDF Image | Operation and Analysis of a Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle
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