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5 Test Results and Observations This section provides a summary of the development, operation, and control experiments and results generated on the S-CO2 compression and Brayton loops to date. More details can be found in the many reports generated by the S-CO2 Brayton team. Some of these reports are listed below and are detailed in the references section. 5.1 Status Report of Small Scale S- CO2 Brayton Cycle Demonstration Program (2007) Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle Compression and Control Near the Critical Point (2008) Initial status and test results for a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle test-loop (2008) Design of the Gen IV Supercritical CO2 Split-flow Compressor Test Loop (2008) Analysis of Supercritical CO2 Compressor Operation Near the Critical Point of CO2 (2008) Gen IV S-CO2 Brayton Cycle Test Loop Design and Split-flow S-CO2 Compressor Test Loop Construction Description (2009) Supercritical CO2 Compression Loop Operation and Test Results (2009) Supercritical CO2 Heated, but Un-recuperated, Brayton Loop Operation and Test Results (2009) Supercritical CO2 Test Loop Operation and First Test Results (2009) Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle Power Generation Development Program and Initial Test Results (2009) Control of the S-CO2 Compression Loop The schematic diagram of the supercritical compression loop that is illustrated in Figure 5-32 also indicates the major control mechanisms. These items are indicated by the red numbers in the figure and include the following: 1. Compressor motor speed: Changing the compressor speed directly affects the S-CO2 flow in the loop. To first order, the mass flow rate is proportional to the compressor speed, the compression ratio is proportional to the speed squared and the compressor power is proportional to the third power of the speed. Therefore, changes in speed will have dramatic effects on temperature and power. 2. Orifice Valve: The orifice valve is used to adjust the flow rate and pressure ratio through the loop. Because the loop is closed, the sum of the pressure drop in the ducting, gas chiller, and in the orifice valve must equal the pressure rise in the compressor. Because the flow area in the orifice can be adjusted, it is possible to vary both the pressure ratio and flow rate at a fixed shaft speed by simply changing the valve setting on the orifice control valve. In the photos, this valve is shown as a manual valve, but we have replaced this valve with a motor-driven valve. 3. Fill Inventory Valve: The compression loop is filled from CO2 gas cylinders through a Haskel booster pump. At room temperature, the fluid in a gas cylinder is a liquid at about 850 psia, thus the loop needs a pressure booster pump, a pressure regulator, and a valve to increase the pressure to nominal operating pressure of 1100 psia which is above the critical pressure (1070 psia). The S- CO2 compression loop is designed to operate at a compressor inlet pressure that varies from 5000kPa (725 psia) to 9200kPa (1334 psia). At the lowest fill pressures, the CO2 inventory in the loop is approximately 12 kg. At the highest fill pressures, the inventory is on the order of 43 kg. 43PDF Image | Operation and Analysis of a Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle
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