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In this operation of the compression loop, the compressor inlet conditions started out above the critical point but due to over-cooling the compressor inlet temperature and pressure drifted below the critical point. Typically, the target compressor inlet conditions were 90°F (305.4 K) and ~1100 psia (7600 kPa). The behavior of the loop in this test, when the compressor inlet fell below the critical point, is illustrated in Figure 5-5 and in Figure 5-6. These figures show the density and flow rate. These values were measured by the Micro Motion model DH150S Coriolis flow meter, which was located about 0.5 m before the actual compressor inlet. In the graphs, the flow rate is multiplied by a factor of 10 in Figure 5-5 and by a factor of 20 in Figure 5-6 so that good comparisons with the density fluctuations can be made. Notice that as the inlet-conditions drop below the critical point the density and flow begin to show oscillations. The oscillation period is very slow (about 60 seconds), and the density of the oscillations vary from 33 - 40 lb/ft3 (528-640 kg/ m3). Even though the temperature and pressure signals clearly indicated that the compressor inlet was below the critical point they showed no indications of these oscillations. For a single phase fluid if the compressor were operating at constant speed the mass flow rate would be directly proportional to the density, however the expanded view (Figure 5-6) clearly shows that the mass flow and density are 180 degrees out-of-phase. This fact, together with the very slow period of oscillation, suggests that the oscillations are related to the fluid circulation time in the loop which is about 60 seconds at this flow rate, and it is not a compressor phenomenon. Similar behavior was observed in the heated, but un-recuperated, Brayton loop however the density of fluctuations span the full range of density from 15 – 40 lb/ft3 (240-640 kg/m3) and the mass flow rate and density fluctuations in this case were in phase. No fluctuations in pumping power were observed in either case, however it is likely the resolution of the power meter was too coarse to detect small power oscillations below 500 W. 55 45 Density ~60 seconds MassFlow x 20 1250 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 Density, Mass Flow CBC_081202_0819 Mass Flow (lb/s) & Density (lb/ft^3) rpm 35 25 15 5 900 Mdot*20 Density RPM1 15000 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 Time(s) m m 1200 V V 1300 1350 10000 5000 0 1400 Figure 5-6. The figure shows an expanded view of the density and flow oscillations that were observed while operating below the critical point. Notice the out-of-phase relationship between measured mass flow rate and density. 49PDF Image | Operation and Analysis of a Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle
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