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These types of early scoping calculations and estimates led us to design the rotor cavity to operate at reduced pressures. At ~200 psia, when the density of the CO2 is about 0.25 kg/liter, the windage losses are on the order of 4-5 kW. At the design operating conditions, the rotor should be producing approximately 125 kW of alternator power. This then puts the windage loss estimate at 4% of the generated power which seems to be a reasonable value for this small scale test-loop. Of course the pressure that can actually be achieved depends on the rate of leakage into the rotor cavity and the capability of the booster pump used to scavenge the gas in the rotor cavity. These effects of seal leakage flow rates are described in more detail in section 5.5. 5.4.1 Measured Windage Losses Figure 5-15 shows the measured pressure from one test that was designed to measure windage effects. In this test the shaft speed was held relatively constant at 35,000 rpm while the rotor cavity pressure was reduced in steps from 800 psia, to 470 psia. The windage was estimated from the measured motor power minus the compressor power. The compressor pumping power was determined from the enthalpy change across the compressor times the mass flow rate. The difference between the total measured power and the compressor pumping power provide the estimate for the windage. Figure 5-16 shows the measured rotor power (cyan), and the measured estimate for the windage (magenta). The yellow line in Figure 5-16 in shows the predicted windage losses based on the model by Vrancik. As can be seen the windage is a significant fraction of the total motor power (~30 %) but that the model and measured estimate agreement is very good which simply confirms that the standard models for windage work equally well for supercritical fluids. The windage model and the windage measurement estimates were also compared to other data at higher shaft speeds, and while not quite as accurate as the data shown here, they still show reasonable agreement. 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Time(s) 1200 1400 1600 45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 1800 2000 SCO2 Compression Loop Pressure (CBC_081016_1150.csv) P100 P300 P301 P400 P500 Pdrain RPM1 Figure 5-15: Shaft speed (rpm), rotor cavity pressure (Pdrain), inlet pressure (P400), outlet total (P500) and outlet static pressure (P100) for CBC_081016_1150.csv. This was a test to measure windage loss and thrust load at constant speed but with various rotor cavity pressures. 62 Pressure (psia) RPMPDF Image | Operation and Analysis of a Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle
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