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5.7 Thrust Load Balancing The total axial thrust on the shaft must be accommodated by a thrust bearing. Figure 5-29 conceptually illustrates the pressure along the front and back surface of the compressor wheel. Because the pressure in the S-CO2 loop is high, the thrust on the back face of the bearing can be substantially different than the thrust from the front side of the wheel. In the worst case, the back face can have an average pressure that is approximately 500-1000 psia greater than the front face pressure. Even though the wheel is small, an average differential pressure of even 500 psia across the wheel area of 1.5 in2 can result in 750 lbs of thrust force. In the compression loop design, pump-out vanes are provided on the back surface of the wheel to balance the thrust that is on the front face. These pump-out vanes act as a small compressor and attempt to match the pressure profile that exists on the front face. The height of the pump-out vanes can be trimmed to reduce the pressure that they create. However, the exact back face pressure profile is uncertain and in addition varies over the full operating range of the compressor. For these reasons, the motor-driven compressor was designed so that a load cell can be installed to measure the thrust loads. Initially, the height and size of the pump out vanes have been adjusted to approximately balance the force on the wheel, but it is arranged to push toward the inlet of the compressor. This will allow BNI to measure the thrust and therefore in a few attempts trim the height of the pump-out vanes so that the net force is zero. Large deviations in thrust load and misalignments will cause the bearings to burnout, rub against the shroud or labyrinth seal and damage the compressor wheel. This is the reason why nine compressor wheels were fabricated as illustrated in Figure 5-30. A similar approach will be used for the turbine, however, cutouts rather than pump-out vanes were used. For the initial S-CO2 motor-driven compressor the ball bearings are capable of supporting up to 1000- 2000 lbs of thrust load. The lifetime of the bearing is dependent on the magnitude of this load, and at these loads, the lifetime is at most only 10-20 hours. However, this is sufficient time to allow for the bearing thrust load to be measured and then trim the pump-out vanes. Once the thrust load were balanced and found to be within the capabilities of the gas-foil bearings, the ball bearings were replaced with the gas-foil bearings (both journal and thrust). 77PDF Image | Operation and Analysis of a Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle
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